There certainly is no general answer to your question - because it depends on how 
the application you have installed is constructed and what Windows facilities it 
uses.

Some use many, others use very little ("standalone executables").

Where rebooting is asked for, in many cases that will be to replace files which are 
in use in a live system and the replacement takes place at the next boot - in which 
case simply restarting services will not avoid re-booting.

As for finding some links, I'd suggest Google as the best starting point for your 
research.

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